History of India up to 711 CE - Unit I

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Feudalism-Origin/Growth/Structure

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ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF FEUDALISM Ø   The word feudalism was derived from the Latin word ‘feudum’ which means fief or land held on condition of service. This then lead to the medieval government pyramid-shaped feudal system. This system was based on the belief that all land belonged to god, but could be governed and managed by Kings by divine right. Ø   The medieval era began with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE. The breakup of the Carolingian Empire led to a general decline in law and order. In the absence of effective imperial control anarchy raised his ugly and monstrous head. Ø   From France feudalism spread swiftly to the major European countries including Germany, Spain, Italy, Scandinavia, England, and Slavic countries. The urge to fight for more land and territories by the great countries of Europe led to hierarchy of European feudalism.       STRUCTURE OF FEUDAL SYSTEM 1. THE MONARCH: Ø     The  King ...
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The only surviving 'Brick Temple' of Ancient World.

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Bhitargaon Temple,Kanpur District ,Uttar Pradesh: The only surviving brick temple of Ancient World. 1. Saurabh Saxena ," Bhitargaon – The Glory in Terracotta”,www. puratattva.in https://puratattva.in/2011/12/04/bhitargaon-the-glory-in-the-terracottas-1366 2. Rana Safvi, “The marvel at Bhitargaon”, The Hindu dated 9th December 2018. https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/the-marvel-at-bhitargaon/article25698771.ece
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The Ancient ports of India- History Updated......

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Important historic valued points in the  Article by S. Muthiah, “The ancient ports of India”, The Hindu dated 14th April 2017 The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea details proposed by KRA Narasiah, former naval engineer.   ‘The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea’ [Greek] translation ‘The Guide to the Red Sea’ [English]  1.       The book “The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea’” contains an anonymous Greek merchant’s tale of his voyage from the Greek port of Piraeus to the ports of the Red Sea , which is the Red Sea itself and all seas beyond it to the mouth of the Ganges. It was a journey by sea to Alexandria , by land to Heliopolis (Cairo) , by boat 300 miles up the Nile and then by camel to the ports of Myos Hormo s or the much bigger Berenike , then onwards. Written in 60 AD, it is considered the last word on the ports of India of that period. 2.       Translation of Ports : ·    ...
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